Morning Message: Proof for the Critics

Bobservations' Column
Titled - "Proof for the Critics"
Written by: Pastor Bob Lawrenz

Peter’s initial words in today’s passage, “Ye men of Israel…” seem to indicate that he is addressing the Leaders of the Jews which took part in the plot to get Jesus out of the way, regardless of where they had come. Leaders from all of Jewry would have made sure they arrived early to Passover at Jerusalem to assure good accommodations for themselves and their families. The “determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God” has assured they were the ones to fulfill His Word, turning God’s only begotten Son into the Lamb of God, fulfilling prophecy!

They were either blind to the prophecies, or had convinced themselves that the prophecies of God’s suffering servant were not to be directed at themselves. Solomon has written that there is “nothing new under the sun,” so it is quite likely that in the end-times, there will be others who will be blind to the very world conditions that Jesus spoke of as a warning to all mankind.

Yet, it is in 2 Peter 2:3,4 that it says, “Where is the promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of creation.” This is a warning to the Church of today! We still have scoffers and doubters living amongst us; some even in our Churches! I recall the Pastor of a Church telling me one time that his church did not Study the Book of Revelation because it was too spiritual, even though it comes with an outline right in the in the text.

Studying just portions of God’s Word leaves us with less than a full understanding of the truth of our God, and Savio; who He is; the depth of His love and forgiveness; indeed, even the lengths to which He has gone to save us! I also hear of New Testament Churches, that don’t teach the Old Testament scriptures. For our brothers and sisters in those churches, we need to pray.

“And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.” - John 1:14

Bobservations' Column:  Audio Version

Sunday Morning Message:

Acts 2:22-41 - "Proof for the Critics"

Summary/Additional Commentary & Definitions:

Last week, we ended with Peter, standing with the rest of the apostles, and explaining that what has happened is a fulfillment of Joel's prophecy (Joel 2:28-32), who foretold that God would pour out His Spirit in the last days (Acts 2: 14-21).

Today, we see Peter preach Jesus of Nazareth to the crowd, reminding them of His miracles, their involvement in His death, and proclaiming that God raised Him from the dead. As proof for the resurrection, Peter offers three lines of evidence:

1. 1) The prophecy by David, who foretold of the resurrection (Psalm 16:8-11).
2. 2) The twelve apostles as witnesses.
3. 3) The Spirit's outpouring itself, indicative of Christ's exaltation and reception of the promise of the Spirit from the Father. In conclusion, Peter pronounces that God has made Jesus, whom they crucified, both Lord and Christ (Acts 2:22-36).

Cut to the heart, the people ask the apostles what they should do. Peter commands them to repent and be baptized for the remission of sins and gift of the Holy Spirit. With many other words he exhorts them to be saved, and about 3000 souls gladly receive his word and are baptized (Acts 2:37-41).

Thus begins the church in Jerusalem, which continues steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship, in the breaking of bread and prayers. Signs and wonders are done by the apostles, while the believers display their love and devotion through acts of benevolence and frequent worship. They enjoy the favor of the people, and the Lord adds to the church daily those being saved (Acts 2:42-47).

Sunday Morning Audio Message: Coming Soon!

Key Words and Definitions with Reference:

Men of Israel (2:22) - Peter is addressing his fellow Israelites. These are the descendants of Jacob, who is Israel. It would also include any who were brought into Israel as proselytes according to the established norms. With that understood, he next says, “hear these words.”

Jesus of Nazareth (2:22) - He is calling for complete attention so that the reason for quoting Joel can be properly explained. The main connection between the events and the citing of the prophecy will be seen in verse 2:33, but he must first give a logical explanation of what led up to the pouring out of the Spirit. With that understood, he immediately introduces the main Subject of his explanation, saying, “Jesus of Nazareth.” The entire point and purpose of his words comes forth in the stating of the name. In saying “of Nazareth,” he is tying in the reason it is Galileans who spoke the astonishing tongues (see verse 2:7). But more, it is an explanation as to why Nazareth is relevant at all. It is a reminder of the prophecy of Isaiah. In Isaiah 9:1-2, the “great light” that shone in Galilee of the Gentiles had come, thus – without saying it – not only is the prophecy of Joel fulfilled, but it is fulfilled by the One prophesied by Isaiah as well. Thus, it is the reason those who stood before the gathered of Israel were Galileans.

Approved . . . By Miracles, Wonders, and Signs (2:22) - Some translations use "Attested" signifies to show by proof, to demonstrate. By a variety of supernatural means and works, God validated Jesus as the Messiah (cf. Matthew 11:1-6; Luke 7:20-23; John 3:2; 5:17-20; 8:28; Philippians 2:9).  The first is “miracles.” The word is dunamis, and it speaks of mighty, powerful, and marvelous works. The second is “wonders.” The word is teras. It speaks of an extraordinary event which is given to bring forth a reaction from those who witness it, such as a portent from heaven. The third is “signs.” The word is sémeion. A sign is something that speaks to, or provides evidence of, something else. In other words, a sign is not the thing itself, but points to something other than itself. A sign in the sky may tell the people the Messiah has come. The changing of water to wine may testify to the coming change from the Mosaic Covenant to a New Covenant.

By the Determinate Counsel and Foreknowledge of God (2:23) - Peter now gets to the point concerning the error of the Jews in what has occurred. He just noted that Christ was “attested by God” because of the “miracles, wonders, and signs” that He accomplished. This is something that they were all perfectly well aware of.  The word “determined” is translated from the Greek word horizó. One can see the root of the word “horizon.” Being a verb, it signifies “to set limits on.” There was an eternal purpose of God that set the boundaries for what would occur because God had ordained it to be so. The word is used again in Acts 17:26 where the meaning is clearly explained from the text.  As such, the process of redemption was certainly the result of the “foreknowledge of God.” Here is a new word in Scripture, prognósis. One can see the obvious connection to our modern word of the same spelling. God’s foreknowledge allows Him to There was an eternal purpose of God that set the boundaries for what would occur because God had ordained it to be so.

Wicked Hands, Have Crucified (2:23) - Peter now states the words that are connected to the idea of being “betrayed” as noted above. He says, “you have taken.” Here is a word used only once in Scripture, ekdotos. It is an adjective in the singular. Hence, it more appropriately reads, “[man] delivered.” In other words, it is referring to Jesus. With that understood, the KJV next reads, “by wicked (lawless) hands.” The translation should be singular, "hand." The guilt of the nation is highlighted in these words. It doesn’t matter if every person standing there had done this. Nor does it matter today, two thousand years later, that none of the people now alive were there. The guilt is a national guilt. Hence, Peter’s words are addressed to all.  That the Crucifixion was predetermined by God does not absolve the guilt of those who caused it.

Not Possible (2:24) - Because of His divine power (John 11:25; Hebrews 2:14) and God's promise and purpose (Luke 24:46; John 2:18-22; 1 Corinthians 15:16-26), death could not keep Jesus in the grave.

David Speaketh (2:25-28) - Here the Lord was speaking of His Resurrection prophetically through David.

Hell (or Hades) (2:27) - This is the New Testament equivalent of the Old Testament "grave", or "Sheol."  Though sometimes it identifies hell (Matthew 11:23), here it refers to the general place of the dead.

His Sepulchre (Tomb) is with Us (2:29) - A reminder to the Jews that David's body had never been raised, so he could not be the fulfillment of the prophecy of Psalm 16. Peter exposits the meaning of Psalm 16 as referring not to David, but to Jesus Christ.  He would be raised to reign (vs. 30-32; cf. Psalms 2:1-9; 89:3).

Being a Prophet (2:30) - Peter quoted Psalm 132:11. As God's spokesman, David knew that God would keep His oath (2 Samuel 7;11-16) and Christ would come. Peter quoted Psalm 16:10 in the following verse.

God Raised Up (2:32) - “This Jesus,” he now repeats the fact stated in verse 2:24, saying, “God has raised up.” The repetition is to demonstrate that what he had claimed is perfectly in line with the prophecy of David. That "God has raised up" attests to His approval of Christ's work on the Cross (cf. verse 23; 10:40; 17:31; 1 Corinthians 6:14; Ephesians 1:20).

We All Are Witnesses (2:32) - Because of the office, the apostles remained together while all the others were scattered. Understanding this, Peter’s words now that “we all are witnesses” is most likely speaking of whatever size of group of disciples were gathered and upon whom had been poured out the Holy Spirit. As there were more than twelve languages identified by Luke, it is probable that it was a gathering of all of the disciples, and Peter is referring to all of them. Be it twelve, one hundred and twenty, or more, the matter is legally established before the people with his words. Deuteronomy 19:15 set the standard for witnesses in any testimony concerning iniquity or sin as “two or three witnesses.” That became the standard for any testimony in Israel. Jesus noted that to the Pharisees in John 8:17 because it was a clearly accepted provision among the people. Therefore, the matter of the resurrection is clearly established through the multiple witnesses standing before the people.

Being by the Right Hand of God Exalted (2:33) - “Therefore . . . exalted.” The word means “to lift up,” or “to raise on high.” Thus, it signifies “to elevate.” This happened to Christ who was dead. He was found worthy, and death could not hold Him. He was raised up – from the grave to the throne, and from the humiliation of the cross and death to the glory and power of the eternal King. The right hand signifies power, both in action (ability) and in position (authority). God’s power (His right hand) raised Jesus (Romans 10:9), and Jesus is seated at the right hand (the position of authority) of God (Romans 8:34). With this understood, Peter next says, “and having received from the Father.” What Peter will refer to is something that had to wait for the full course of these events to occur. Christ was raised from the dead by the power of God, but He remained for a span before ascending to the Father. Only with that action completed would the disciples receive “the promise of the Holy Spirit.”

The LORD said to My Lord (2:34) - Peter quoted another psalm (Psalm 110:1) concerning the exaltation of Messiah by ascension to the right hand of God, and reminds the reader that it was not fulfilled by David (as bodily Resurrection had not yet been, but by Jesus Christ (v. 36).  Peter had been an eyewitness to that Ascension (1:9-11).

Therefore, Let All the House of Israel Know Assuredly (2:36) - They are words that are to be heard, understood, and (hopefully) accepted as absolute truth. Hence Peter follows with “let . . . know.” It is the common Greek word ginóskó, signifying “to come to know,” “to recognize,” “to perceive,” and so on. Peter is indicating that the result of the surety of the matter that he has presented is intended to “let all the house of Israel” come to understand that – whether they like it or not, and whether they accept it or not – that the matter is established.

The term “house of Israel” is a way of saying “family.” In the Old Testament, Israel was the father of twelve sons. He also adopted two sons of Joseph as his own. It is this family which comprises the whole house of Israel. Descendants from all of these tribes were gathered at the temple, they had seen the effects of the coming of the Spirit upon the apostles, and they had heard the explanation of the event. From there, they were to accept what was presented and continue to convey this message to all others in this nation – the “house of Israel.” And what is it specifically that Israel is to hear, understand, and (hopefully) accept? Well, it is a thought that is based on what Peter had just presented right from Scripture, and which was fulfilled in the coming of Jesus. This same "Jesus of Nazareth", who was attested to Israel by God, and whom God raised up from the dead, is the One that Peter is referring to. It is also He, as Peter says to Israel, “whom you crucified.” These words would have been like sharp arrows pointing directly at the hearts of the men standing there. What had occurred was an event that was prophesied, and it was an event that was then fulfilled. But it was an event that Israel had been responsible for.

Both Lord and Christ (2:36) - Jesus is God as well as anointed Messiah (cf. Romans 1:4; 10:9; 1 Corinthians 12:3; Philippians 2:9, 11). The word translated as “Lord” (kurios) signifies a Master. In the Greek, it can indicate the Lord (YHVH). The word Christ (Greek: Christos) comes from the word chrió, signifying “to anoint by rubbing or pouring olive oil on someone to represent the flow (empowering) of the Holy Spirit. Anointing (literally) involved rubbing olive oil on the head, etc., especially to present someone as divinely-authorized (appointed by God) to serve as prophet, priest or king”.  As such, it means “Anointed One.” Thus, it is a direct translation of the Hebrew word “Messiah.” God has made this Jesus both the Lord of Israel and the Messiah of Israel.

Pricked in their Heart (2:37) - "Pricked" means pierce, to pain the mind sharply, agitate it vehemently. Some translations us the word cut, they essentially mean the same thing. The Greek word for "cut" means "pierce" or "stab," and thus denotes something sudden and unexpected.  In grief, remorse, and intense spiritual conviction, Peter's listeners were stunned by his indictment that they had killed their Messiah.

Repent (2:38) - This refers to a change of mind and purpose that turns an individual from sin to God (1 Thessalonians 1:9).  Such change involves more than fearing the consequences of God's judgment.  Genuine repentance knows that the evil of sin must be forsaken and the person and work of Christ totally and singularly embraced.  Peter exhorted his hearers to Repent, otherwise they would not experience true conversion.

Be Baptized (2:38) - This Greek word literally means "be dipped or immersed" in water.  Peter was obeying Christ's command from Matthew 28:19 and urging the people who repented and turned to the Lord Christ for salvation to identify, through the waters of baptism, with His death, burial, and Resurrection (cf. Romans 6:3, 4; 1 Corinthians 12:13; Galatians 3:27).  This is the first time the apostles publicly enjoined people to obey that ceremony.  Prior to this, many Jews had experienced the baptism of John the Baptist, and were also familiar with the baptism of Gentile converts to Judaism (proselytes).

In the Name of Jesus Christ (2:38) - For the new believer, it was a crucial but costly identification to accept.

For the Remission of Sins (2:38) - This might better be translated "because of the remission of sins."  Baptism does not produce forgiveness and cleansing from sin.  The reality of forgiveness precedes the rite of baptism (v. 41).  Genuine repentance brings from God the forgiveness (remission of sins (cf. Ephesians 1:7) and, because of that, the new believer was to be baptized.  Baptism, however, was to be the ever-present act of obedience, so that it became synonymous with salvation.  Thus, to say one was baptized for the forgiveness was the same as saying one was saved.  Every believer enjoys the complete remission of sins.

The Gift of the Holy Spirit (2:38) - A gift is something one cannot earn. It is grace and nothing more. And yet, Peter has said they must do something in order to receive it. The apostles had received the gift. It simply came upon them. But it did not come upon the others. This means that the reception of the gift is conditional. Repent and Believe - a heart issue. There are no works here. There are only set requirements. And the gift they would receive would be that “of the Holy Spirit.” This is salvation. It is the sealing of the person for redemption. It is receiving the full, final, and forever forgiveness of sins through the shed blood of Christ. It is moving from the Mosaic Covenant (the Law of Moses) to the New Covenant in Christ’s blood. It is the covenant that speaks of the non-imputation of sin and the surety of reconciliation with God for all eternity.

The Promise (2:39) - The Holy Spirit being poured out is the establishment of the New Covenant.  The prophesy of Jeremiah 31:31 and Joel 2:17

All Who Are Afar Off (2:39) - These are Gentiles, who would also share in the blessings of salvation.

They That Gladly Received His Word were Baptized (2:41) - The people had believed, meaning they had faith after receiving the word. In this, they were saved. And so, as an outward demonstration of the inward change, they were water baptized.

Three Thousand (2:41) - A large number indeed!  Luke's specific number suggests records were kept of conversions and baptisms.  Archeological work on the south side of the temple mount has uncovered numerous Jewish Mikvahs, large baptistry-like facilities where Jewish worshipers would immerse themselves in ritual purification before entering the temple.  More than enough existed to facilitate the large number of baptisms in a short amount of time.  

The number three thousand is an important number to see and understand. This is because it fulfills a pattern that is set forth in Scripture in which a theological point is made in Exodus 32. 

At Sinai, which according to Galatians 4 symbolizes the temple in Jerusalem, the law was received, and it was written on tablets of stone. Those tablets were given to Moses but were broken at the base of the mountain because of the people’s turning from the Lord to a false God.

After this, three thousand people died because of their sins. In Acts 2, at the temple in Jerusalem, the word of the Lord was again given, but this time it was written on the tablets of the hearts of the people, as Paul calls the work of the Spirit in 2 Corinthians 3:3. In this, three thousand people were saved because of their faith in Christ Jesus.

The two accounts are given to show the superiority of the fulfilled law in Christ to the giving of the law by Moses. One was written on stone, and it leads to death. The other is written on the heart, and it leads to life. It was a perverse generation who failed to believe, having time and again rejected the Lord in the wilderness, and it was a perverse generation who rejected Christ and sought to seek their own righteousness apart from Him. The lesson we see is that for those three thousand who died at Sinai, they died in sin because of their deeds and their failure to believe. For the three thousand who received Jesus in Jerusalem, they died to sin because of faith in the deeds of Jesus. The contrast is complete.

Morning Message: God Speaks to Seekers

Bobservations' Column
Titled - "God Speaks to Seekers"
Written by: Pastor Bob Lawrenz

As we read the first several verses, we should be amazed at the numbers of people, and the diverse nations that are represented by those present at this first Pentecost after the Resurrection of Jesus. The Apostles had yet to go out on a single evangelistic journey, yet so many were here.

Granted, in the Jewish tradition, many holidays required traveling to Jerusalem and meeting in the Temple with the Sanhedrin, and the priests and leaders of the Temple. Pentecost, also known as the Feast of Weeks, and in the Hebrew as Shavuot, was (is) one of those holidays. Passover had come and gone, but the Jews visiting Jerusalem then, had undoubtedly heard of the fantastic stories of Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead, and then soon afterward, being raised from the dead Himself after a brutal and thorough crucifixion (Isaiah 52:13-15). Such a fantastic course of events, but truly devout Jews would search the Scriptures for evidence in the prophecies of old.

Our Pharisee of the Pharisees, Saul now known as the Apostle Paul, tells us in Philippians 2 that Jesus did not pump Himself up to be larger than life, but became instead a servant to all (Philippians 2:7). But people being people, spoke of His deeds of healings and miracles, and their word-of-mouth habits gave Jesus the reputation that He did not seek.

It is this same word-of-mouth that gave the Catholic sites of Fatima (Portugal), Guadalupe (Mexico), and Medjugorje (Bosnia & Herzegovina), and several others, as recognized by Catholic and Episcopal Churches for apparitions of Mary. The faithful attendees of those Churches talk amongst themselves and word spreads like wildfire. (Google “Apparitions of Mary” for a fuller list, but be careful, and discern what you may read of them. The only way to determine whether an apparition is a "lying wonder" or a genuine message from God is to compare the message of the apparition with Scripture. If the teachings that are attached to these apparitions are contrary to the Word of God, the apparitions themselves are then satanic in nature.)

Likewise, among the Jews, incredible stories were passed wide and far. Those diverse citizens stayed for the Feast of Weeks (seven weeks is 49 days, and one day more is the feast.) Visitors heard of Jesus, and gathered with Peter, James, and John to hear more of Jesus’ amazing story of miracles, and new life.

“And in that day shall the deaf hear the words of the book, and the eyes of the blind shall see out of obscurity, and out of darkness.” - Isaiah 29:18

Bobservations' Column:  Audio Version

Sunday Morning Message:

Acts 2:1-21 - "God Speaks to Seekers"

Summary/Additional Commentary & Definitions:

Forty days after the Resurrection, Jesus left His disciples with a mission and a promise. For ten more days after Jesus ascended to heaven, the believers prayed together and prepared. Then came the Jewish feast day of Pentecost. The Holy Spirit is poured out as promised and Scripture tells us that they (believers) were all filled with the Holy Spirit. With the sound of a rushing mighty wind, and with tongues of fire appearing above their heads, those filled with the Holy Spirit begin to speak in other tongues (1-4). Devout Jews visiting from other countries are attracted and amazed as they hear wonderful works of God proclaimed in their own languages (5-13).

Peter realizes that the promise of Acts 1:8 is being fulfilled. Standing with the rest of the apostles, Peter seizes the opportunity to begin fulfilling his mission. He explains that what has happened is a fulfillment of Joel's prophecy (Joel 2:28-32), who foretold that God would pour out His Spirit in the last days (14-21).

Sunday Morning Audio Message:

Key Words and Definitions with Reference:

Day of Pentecost (2:1) - "Pentecost" means "fiftieth" and refers to the Feast of Weeks (Exodus 34:22, 23) or Harvest (Leviticus 23:16), which was celebrated fifty days after Passover in May/June (Leviticus 23:15-22).  It was one of three annual feasts for which the nation was to come to Jerusalem.  At Pentecost, an offering of first fruits was made (Leviticus 23:14-19).  The Holy spirit came on this day as the firstfruits of the believer's inheritance (cf. 2 Corinthians 5:5; Ephesians 1:11, 14). Those gathered into the church then were also the firstfruits of the full harvest of all believers to come after.

In One Place (2:1) - The Upper Room mentioned in 1:13.

A Sound . . . as . . . Mighty Wind (2:2) - Luke's simile described God's action of sending the Holy Spirit.  Wind is frequently used in Scripture as a picture of the Spirit (cf. Ezekiel 37:9, 10; John 3:8).

Tongues, as of Fire (2:3) - The word “tongues” is glossa. It signifies a tongue, a language, or even a nation which is distinguished by its language. Even before getting to the next verse, the idea is clear. A language is being presented “as of fire.” Just as the sound, like wind, was symbolic, these were not literal flames of fire but supernatural indicators, like fire, that God had sent the Holy Spirit upon each believer.  In Scripture, fire often denoted the divine presence (cf. Exodus 3:2-6). God's use of a fire-like appearance here parallels what He did with the dove when Jesus was baptized (Matthew 3:11; Luke 3:16).

All (2:4) - The apostles and the 120 disciples.

Filled with the Holy Spirit (2:4) - In contrast to the baptism with the Spirit, which is the one-time act by which God places believers into His body, the filling is a repeated reality of Spirit-controlled behavior that God commands believers to maintain.  In other words, a person who is born-again, already filled with the Spirit can receive a fresh filling for a specific task.  It not a "baptism" but a "filling." Peter and many others in Acts 2 were filled with the Spirit again and so spoke boldly the Word of God.  The fullness of the spirit affects all areas of life, not just speaking boldly (cf. Ephesians 5:19-33).

Speak with Other Tongues (2:4) - "Tongues" meaning "languages."  These are known languages, not ecstatic utterances, it does not mean gibberish, nor is it something acquired over time or improved through use. It is an immediate infusion of a new language into the person who is so filled. This is evidenced in the coming verses. These languages, given to the believers as a sign to the people, came “as the Spirit gave them utterance.” Here Luke uses a word, apophtheggomai, found for the first of three times. It is seen only in Acts. It refers to a clear and plain enunciation, a declaration, and a speaking forth. The words spoken by these people were clearly conveyed, perfectly understood, and had precise meaning. The word is used again in Acts 26:25 and then explains it for his hearer – These languages given by the Spirit were a sign of judgment to unbelieving Israel.  They also showed that from then on God's people would come from all nations and marked the transition from Israel to the church.  Tongues-speaking occurs only twice more in Acts (10:46; 19:6).

Jews, Devout Men (2:5) - Hebrew males who made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem.  They were expected to celebrate Pentecost in Jerusalem, as part of observing the Jewish religious calendar.

This Sound (2:6) - The noise like gusty wind (v. 2), not the sound of the various languages.

Speak in His Own Language (2:6) - As the believers were speaking, each pilgrim in the crowd recognized the language or dialect from his own country.

Galileans (2:7) - In habitants of the mostly rural area of northern Israel around the Sea of Galilee.  Galilean Jews spoke with a distinct regional accent and were considered to be unsophisticated and uneducated by the southern Judean Jews.  When Galileans were seen to be speaking so many different languages, the Judean Jews were astonished.

Parthians (2:9) - They lived in what is modern Iran.

Medes (2:9) - In Daniel's time, they ruled with the Persians, but had settle in Parthia.

Elamites (2:9) - They were from the southwestern part of the Parthian Empire.

Mesopotamia (2:9) - This means "between the rivers" (the Tigris and Euphrates).  Many Jews still lived there, descendants of those who were in captivity and who never return to Palestine.

Judea (2:9) - All the region once controlled by David and Solomon, including Syria.

Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia (2:9, 10) - All were districts in Asia Minor, in what is now Turkey

Egypt (2:10) - Many Jews lived there, especially in the city of Alexandria.  The nation then covered the same general area a modern Egypt.

Libya Adjoining Cyrene (2:10) - These districts were west of Egypt, along the North African coast.

Rome (2:10) - The capital of the Roman Empire had a sizeable Jewish population, dating from the second century B.C.

Proselytes (2:10) - Gentile converts to Judaism.  Jews in Rome were especially active in seeking such converts.

Cretans (2:11) - Residents of the island of Crete, off the southern coast of Greece.

Arabs (2:11) - Jews who south of Damascus, among the Nabatean Arabs.

Wonderful Works of God (2:11) - The Christians were quoting from the Old Testament what God had done for His people (cf. Exodus 15:11; Psalms 40:5; 77:11; 96:3; 107:21).  Such praises were often heard in Jerusalem during festival times.

New Wine (2:13) - Highly inebriating. The disciples were just accused of being full of new wine. In other words, they were thought to be drunk and were simply talking in gibberish.

Stood With the Eleven (2:14) - The verb is aorist and indicates they stood first (“having stood”) and then Peter began to speak for all of them. This is probably to counter what was just said about them being drunk. When all stood, it shows that they are all clearly sober rather than swaying or falling down. As a side note, these words also are a confirmation that the selection of Matthias was fully accepted by the Lord, he being counted among the eleven. With this, it next says that Peter “raised his voice.”

The Third Hour (2:15) - The third hour is 9am in the morning. The synoptic gospels present the timing of the day in this fashion.

Last Days (2:17) - The phrase refers to the present era of redemptive history, i.e., from the First Coming of Christ (Hebrews 1:2; 1 Peter 1:20; 1 John 2:18) to His return.

All Flesh (2:17) - The term “all flesh” does not mean “every person on the earth.” It means “all believers regardless of age, sex, status, and so on.”

Visions ... Dreams (2:17) - Dreams (Genesis 20:3); Daniel 7:1) and visions (Genesis 15:1; Revelation 9:17) were some of God's most memorable means of revelation since they were pictorial in nature.  While they were not limited to believers (e.g., Abimelech, Genesis 20:3 and Pharaoh, Genesis 41:1-8), they were primarily reserved for prophets and apostles (Numbers 12:6).  While frequent in the Old Testament, they were rare in the New Testament.  In Acts, most of God's visions were associated with either Peter (chapters 10, 11) or Paul (chapters 9; 18; cf. 2 Corinthians 12:1).  Most frequently they were used to reveal apocalyptic imagery (cf. Ezekiel, Daniel, Zechariah, Revelation).  They were not considered normal occurrences in biblical times, nor should they be so now. The time will come, however, when God will use visions and dreams during the Tribulation period as predicted by Joel 2:28-32.

Prophesy (2:18) - The proclamation of God's truth will be pervasive in the millennial kingdom.

Wonders . . . Signs (2:19) - "Wonders" is the amazement people experience when witnessing supernatural works (miracles).  "Signs" point to the power of God behind miracles.  Marvels have no value unless they point to God and His truth.  Such works were often done by the Holy Spirit through the apostles (5:12-16) and their associates (6:8) to authenticate them as the messengers of God's truth (cf. 2 Corinthians 12:12; Hebrews 2:3, 4).

Blood . . . Fire . . . Vapor of Smoke (2:19) - These phenomena are all connected with events surrounding Christ's Second Coming and signal the establishment of the earthly kingdom: Blood (Revelation 6:8; 8:7, 8; 9:15; 14:20; 16:3).  Fire (Revelation 8:5, 7, 8, 10); and Smoke (Revelation 9:2, 3, 17, 18; 18:9, 18).

Sun . . .Darkness . . . Moon into Blood (2:20) - See Revelation 6:12 - Accompanying the earthquake will be numerous volcanic eruptions; and large amounts of ash and debris will be blown into the earth's atmosphere, blackening the sun and giving the moon a blood-red hue (cf. Zechariah 14:6, 7).

Day of the Lord (2:20) - This Day of the Lord will come with the return of Jesus Christ (cf. 2 Thessalonians 5:2; Revelation 19:11-15).

Whoever Calls (2:21) - Up to that hour of judgment and wrath, any who turn to Christ as Lord and Savior will be saved.

Morning Message: Peter Stood Up

Bobservations' Column
Titled - "Peter Stood Up"
Written by: Pastor Bob Lawrenz

Having met Theoplilus twice now (in Luke 1 and Acts 1), Luke continues the storyline of the work of Jesus Christ, now continued by His Apostles, after His Death, Resurrection, and Ascension.

It is Peter who stands up before the disciples to remind them of the fulfilled prophecy of the betrayal of Christ (Psalm 41:9). Inspired by the Holy Spirit, the Word of God affirms God’s truths in scripture once again. Peter tells us that the scripture had to have been fulfilled; the Lord and Savior of us all had to become God’s Lamb of sacrifice, or there would be no salvation, and we would all die in our sins. Incredibly, “The Word became flesh and dwelt among us,” was the Father’s Plan all along.

Peter’s boldness to speak gives some credibility to the belief of some that he was the leader of this fledgling 120-member faith assembly. But later on in Galatians 2:9, we learn that the leadership of the Church was made to reflect the Trinity: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit: A familial relationship with Jesus, a loving relationship with mankind, and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit for the sake of the Gospel.

We were introduced to this format last week with the mention of Peter, James, and John abiding in an upper room, with others in Chapter 1, verse 13. And then in Galatians 2:9, these three are mentioned again by the Apostle Paul as an earthly picture of God’s love toward man (John), His eternal continuity in a familial relationship (James), and finally, as God’s ability to motivate men through His Spirit to speak boldly of the scriptures in the Name of Jesus (Peter).

This is a noteworthy chapter, leading up to Pentecost, a feast of harvest for the Jews, and a subtle reminder of Jesus’ words, that the fields are ripe, for the people are ready to listen and hear. The priests and leaders represent the Temple, but the people are the fields.

"Say not ye, ‘There are yet four months, and then cometh harvest?’ Behold, I say unto you, Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; for they are white already to harvest. " - John 4:35

Bobservations' Column:  Audio Version

Sunday Morning Message:

Acts 1:15-26 - "Peter Stood Up"

Summary/Additional Commentary & Definitions:

At the beginning of Acts 1 we saw that Jesus has spent 40 days after His resurrection teaching about the kingdom of God to His disciples. After teaching the disciples about the kingdom, Jesus has ascended into heaven to sit on the throne, assuming all rule, authority, dominion, and power. Two angels appear to the disciples telling them that Jesus will return the same way in which He was taken up.

As we read this next section, we will see the apostles engage in three activities that are useful applications for us in our lives today. As we begin, imagine being one of these disciples after Jesus has ascended. They followed Him, were taught by Him, and now given instructions.  What would you do next? What should be the next course of action? How strange it must have been to see Jesus leave, putting you as His disciple in charge of spreading the kingdom to the ends of the earth.

In Acts 1:15-26, the disciples return from Bethany to Jerusalem and meet about 110 other Jesus-followers to pray in an upper room. Included are the women who stayed with Jesus through the crucifixion and burial (Matthew 27:56; Mark 16:1; Luke 24:10), Jesus' brothers, and Mary. Peter, ever willing to be the spokesman, gives the tragic account of Judas and recites passages from Psalms to show that they need to choose a replacement. The requirements he gives are that the man must have been with them at least since Jesus' baptism, that the man must have accompanied them in their travels, and he must have seen Jesus after the resurrection. Two men meet the requirements, Joseph Barsabbas and Matthias. The group prays that God will look into the men's hearts and reveal which He has already chosen. The lot falls on Matthias, and the Twelve are twelve again (Acts 1:12–26).

The casting of the lots is the last act of a fully Jewish group. In Acts 2, the Holy Spirit comes and the church is formed. Throughout the book of Acts, the church becomes progressively less Jewish and is filled with more Gentiles. These devout Jews abandon the expectation of becoming an independent Jewish nation and obey Jesus' instruction to be His witnesses to Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and the furthest parts of the earth. In doing so, they learn the kingdom of God is bigger and wilder and more glorious than they could have imagined.

Sunday Morning Audio Message:

Key Words and Definitions with Reference:

In Those Days (1:15) - This defines the period between the ascension and the time when the Promise of the Father would come. It is during this interval that “Peter stood up.”

Peter Stood Up (1:15) - Simon Peter, also known as Cephas (John 1:42), was one of the first followers of Jesus Christ. He was an outspoken and ardent disciple, one of Jesus’ closest friends, an apostle, and a “pillar” of the church (Galatians 2:9). Peter was enthusiastic, strong-willed, impulsive, and, at times, brash. But for all his strengths, Peter had several failings in his life. Still, the Lord who chose him continued to mold him into exactly who He intended Peter to be.  This is a general way of saying that someone is presenting himself to do something, be it speak, read, or so on.

Men and Brethren (1:16) - These are the 120 believers who were gathered in verse 15.” It is a single address in the Greek signifying “brother-men.” Simply saying “brothers” would get the point across in our modern speech. In this, he is addressing those with him in a personal, friendly manner.

This Scripture Had to be Fulfilled (1:16) - The two OT passages Peter quotes in verse 20 are Psalms 69:25 and 109:8.  When God gives prophecies, they will come to pass (cf. Psalm 115:3; Isaiah 446:10; 55:11).

The Holy Spirit . . . by the Mouth of David (1:16) - Scripture contains no clearer description of divine inspiration.  God spoke through David's mouth, actually referring to his writing. David, under inspiration of the Holy Spirit (see 2 Peter 1:19-21), prophesied what would occur concerning Judas’ interactions with the Messiah. This in no way means that the Psalm written by David wasn’t something that pertained directly to him as well. David was betrayed, he was disturbed in his heart over his betrayal, and he wrote a Psalm to the Lord about what happened. And yet, the words prophetically anticipate what would happen to the Messiah also. Such dual meaning in Scripture occurs constantly.

Concerning Judas (1:16) - Real events of the past, as recorded in Scripture, are given as types and pictures of the coming Messiah, of His work, and of the effects of His work – both for Israel and for the church. These events are often so precise that they can identify the interactions of a single person. As Peter next says, “concerning Judas.”

Obtained Part of this Ministry (1:17) - Judas Iscariot was a member of the Twelve but was never truly saved which is why he was called "The son of perdition" (John 17:12).  See Matthew 26:24; John 6:64, 70, 71; cf. 2:23; Luke 22:22.  Peter uses a word found only here in Scripture, katarithmeó. It signifies “to reckon with.” It is a compound word coming from kata, or “according to,” and arithmeó, “to count.” As such, Judas was truly reckoned among the apostles. As such, someone must take his place to fill the void that has arisen.

This Man Purchased a Field (1:18) - The words now continue to refer to Judas. The gospels record this concerning his death (Matthew 27:3-10). Obviously, Judas was unable to actually purchase anything while dangling from a rope. Instead, the idea is that the money he earned through betraying Jesus was used in his name by the chief priests.

Reward of Iniquity (1:18) - Reward meaning, "wages." This expression means that the silver he was paid was reckoned to him as wages. He earned the money through his actions, but they were actions of iniquity. Therefore, despite throwing the money down in the temple, his name remained attached to them.

Falling Headlong (1:18) - The inclusion of the details, culminating with this note here, is given to explain the ignoble end of Judas. It is a note of disgrace in death. Such a death, and the surrounding circumstances concerning the body, are being given to highlight the despicable deeds of the man. An example of the disgrace recorded here is found in the death of Joram, a contemptible king of Judah.

Anyone hanged is accursed of God. As such anyone who was hanged was to be taken down before evening (the start of the new day). Judas did not receive this treatment. The contrast is given:

• Christ was nailed to a tree, but He was taken down and buried. Judas was hanged and his body remained up. 
• Christ rose on the third day, whole and complete, and having prevailed over death. Judas fell (probably on the third day, but that is speculation) and burst open; a most ignoble end for his corpse.
• Christ was anointed with spices in His burial (see John 19:39). Judas bloated up while hanging in his exposed death.
• Christ removed the curse of the law and the sting of death through His work. Judas was accursed of God in his hanging, and he never received the atoning work of the Lord for his iniquity.

Akel Dama . . . Field of Blood (1:19) -The naming of the field is memorialized by the event. Hence, anytime someone would pass by it, the event would be called to mind. Fathers would tell their children, friends would tell their visitors, maybe pilgrims and tourists would be taken by to remember the macabre event. To this day, it is still a known location where there is little doubt about its identity. Those who go there will take pictures and film videos, witnessing to the tragedy that occurred at that time.

It is Written (1:20) - Peter used the most compelling proof, Scripture, to reassure the believers that Judas's defection and the choice of his replacement were both in God's purpose (cf. Psalm 55:12-15). As for Peter’s words now, what he says takes it as an axiom that the Psalms are inspired. As such, there should be no surprise that Christ was crucified, nor should it be a surprise that one of his own apostles would betray Him. And so, with that encouragement conveyed to the others for them to know that God had, in fact, worked out a plan that included the deeds of Judas, he says – Peter changes the plural (general enemies who war against David) and changes them to the singular (a specific enemy who arose against the Messiah).  "Let their habitation be desolate" to "Let his habitation be desolate."

Therefore (1:21) - Peter has just stated his words, right from Scripture, concerning God’s foreknowledge of what would occur in relation to Judas. He affirms that Scripture itself testifies to the fact that someone else should replace him in his office. As such, he next says, “Therefore.” He is making a conclusion based on his reasoning.

Went In and Out Among Us (1:21) - Peter has set forth the condition that whoever fills Judas’ office should be someone who had actively been a participant in the ministry of Jesus, seeing all that He had done and who had been faithful to not depart from Him when things got tough.

Baptism of John . . A Witness With Us (1:22) - The intent of Peter’s words is that of the time when Jesus was baptized by John, not from the time that John began to baptize. John already had a ministry to the people of Israel, calling them to repentance and preparing the way of the Lord. But the focus of Peter’s words is on the time of Jesus’ ministry, not John’s. Thus, he is referring to the moment when the two ministries came together in John’s baptism of Jesus. The one selected as an apostle should have a personal knowledge of this event to that day when Jesus was resurrected. From this larger group, Peter then says, “one of these must become a witness.” The word translated as “witness” is martus. It means a witness, but it not only conveys the sense of having seen, but of “bearing testimony of.” The act of witnessing (the seeing) is to be proclaimed (bearing the testimony). As such, the word eventually also takes on the meaning of being a martyr. The one who bears the testimony of the Lord may even be martyred for that testimony. But in such a case, it would certainly be worth it. For the one selected to replace Judas, Peter says he is to be a witness “with us of His resurrection.” This is the central point of the Christian faith, upon which all else either stands or falls.

Barsabas . . . Justus (1:23) - Barsabas means "son of the Sabbath."  Justus ("the righteous") was Joseph's Latin name.  Many Jews in the Roman Empire had equivalent Gentile names.

Matthias (1:23) - The name means "gift of God." The ancient historian Eusebius claims Matthias was among the seventy of Luke 10:1.

Thou Have Chosen (1:24) - Judas' successor was sovereignly determined.

Go to His Own Place (1:25) - Judas’ actions caused him to fall away from his part (his allotted portion) in the ministry, so “that he might go to his own place.” The verb “go” is an infinitive. A more literal rendering would be, “fell away Judas to go to the place his own.” It’s not that he “might” go there. It is that his actions resulted in going there. Further, the way the Greek words are stated, translated as “his own,” it is more intensive than simply saying “his.” It signifies that he is specifically designated for this place. This is reflected in the Lord’s words in John 17 – “While I was with them in the world, I kept them in Your name. Those whom You gave Me I have kept; and none of them is lost except the son of perdition, that the Scripture might be fulfilled.” John 17:12 This explains the words “his own place.” The word “perdition” signifies destruction or cutting off. Judas is set to never receive an inheritance with those saved through the blood of Christ. Instead, he is forever cut off from such a hope.

Cast Their Lots (1:26) - With the proposal of either Joseph or Matthias to replace Judas, as Scripture called for, the account next says, “And they cast their lots.” Some take this as meaning a vote was made, but that is not how lots are conducted. Further, the wording of the next clause dismisses the idea of a vote having been made. Rather, lots were cast as is in accord with Scripture elsewhere. These and other references concerning the use of lots demonstrate that it was a common practice in the decision-making process in Israel. In particular, Scripture itself condones the practice and acknowledges that when the lot was employed, its decision was from the Lord. As such, this practice, meaning casting lots, was employed by the apostles, “and the lot fell on Matthias.” The wording here demonstrates that this was a casting of the lot and not a vote. For the lot to “fall” on Matthias indicates that it was the decision of the Lord through the lot, rather than a selection by the others.